When X starts up, xdm will execute a shell script typically
found in /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession. On the Silicon Graphics
machines it looks like: ( Click here for an explanation of the
codes)
#!/bin/sh
dim="`xdpyinfo | awk ' /dimensions/ {print $2}'`"
if [ "$dim" = "1024x768" ]; then
geom="80x40+190+102"
font="-sgi-terminal-*-*-*--12-*"
else
geom="80x40+150+172"
font="-sgi-terminal-*-*-*--17-*"
fi
case $# in
1)
case $1 in
failsafe)
exec xwsh -geom $geom -fn $font -xrm "XWsh*autoFork: off"
;;
esac
esac
xsession =$HOME/.xsession
resources =$HOME/.Xresources
sgisession=$HOME/.sgisession
autoworkspace=$HOME/.workspace/autostart
userenv=/usr/bin/X11/userenv
if [ -r $xsession -a "$0" != $xsession ]; then
if [ -x $xsession ]; then
exec $xsession
else
exec /bin/sh $xsession
fi
fi
if [ -r $resources ]; then
xrdb -load -quiet $resources
fi
XUSERFILESEARCHPATH="$HOME/%N:`/usr/bin/X11/appdefpath`"
export XUSERFILESEARCHPATH
if [ -x $userenv ]; then
#
# Find user's environment as set up during a login
# shell, and add that to current environment.
#
eval `$userenv`
fi
screens=`/usr/bin/X11/xlistscrns`
for screen in $screens
do
/usr/bin/X11/xsetroot -solid sgilightblue -display $screen
/usr/bin/X11/xsetroot -cursor_name X_cursor -fg red -bg white -display $screen
done
# Gives anyone on any host access to this display
/usr/bin/X11/xhost +
# Note: Output from $HOME/.sgisession, 4Dwm, workspace
# and toolchest is redirected to /dev/console.
# All other output is written to
# /usr/adm/SYSLOG by default.
/usr/bin/X11/4Dwm >/dev/console 2>&1 &
/usr/bin/X11/wait4wm
/usr/sbin/startconsole -iconic
if [ -x $sgisession ]; then
$sgisession >/dev/console 2>&1 &
elif [ -r $sgisession ]; then
/bin/sh $sgisession >/dev/console 2>&1 &
fi
if [ -r $autoworkspace ]; then
if [ "`cat $autoworkspace`" = "on" ]; then
/usr/sbin/workspace >/dev/console 2>&1 &
fi
fi
for screen in $screens
do
DISPLAY=$screen /usr/bin/X11/toolchest -name ToolChest >/dev/console 2>&1 &
done
exec /usr/bin/X11/reaper
On a raw X11R5 machine, it is more basic (it doesn't assume
any specific Window manager such as Motif): ( Look in here for
more explanation of the codes)
#!/bin/sh
exec > $HOME/.xsession-errors 2>&1
case $# in
1)
case $1 in
failsafe)
exec xterm -geometry 80x24-0-0
;;
esac
esac
startup =$HOME/.xsession
resources=$HOME/.Xresources
if [ -f $startup ]; then
exec $startup
else
if [ -f $resources ]; then
xrdb -load $resources
fi
twm &
exec xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls
fi
A typical user ".xsession" file would then contain various
commands to set up the X environment (similar to the above
default setups). However, a user who has accounts on different
systems may not want to run X the same on all machines especially
different machines from different manufacturers! Therefore my
".xsession" file looks like this:
#!/bin/csh
if { 4d } exec .indigo/.xsession
if { sun } exec .sun/.xsession
if { dec } exec .dec/.xsession
if { ibm } exec .ibm/.xsession
exec .xinitrc
- All our machines have been setup with programs (4d sun dec
ibm) which return true or false dependant upon what they are.
Therefore, if this login is on a Silicon Graphics 4d then I
use the ".xsession" file in my Silicon Graphics subdirectory
".indigo", if I am on a Sun, then I use the ".xsession" in my
".sun" subdirectory, etc. If none of the above, then execute
the file .xinitrc (standard X initialisation file on many
machines.)
The ".xsession" file in my area is as shown below and
check out why I customize my environment as such.
#!/bin/csh -f
# set XENVIRONMENT: this resource file is read by each
# application at startup.
setenv XENVIRONMENT $HOME/.Xdefaults
# Xlib looks at the value of XUSERFILESEARCHPATH to find
# a dir of resource files
setenv XUSERFILESEARCHPATH "$HOME/%N:`/usr/bin/X11/appdefpath`"
xdpyinfo | awk ' /dimensions/ {print "setenv XSCREEN" $2 > ".xscreen" }'
# source the file so that the variable is known to this
# shell and pause for the source to take place
source .xscreen
wait &
# If the source failed, i.e. don't have permissions to
# write to directory, etc., assume that you are on the
# 1280x1024 size monitor and load the X resource data
# base with that default file.
# NOTE: you could have one default file and test for
# the resolutions there, instead of have 2 different
# files as this .xsession file does. You still, have to
# get the XSCREEN variable as you do here.
if (!($?XSCREEN)) then
xrdb -merge .Xdefaults_1280 &
endif
# If there is the XSCREEN variable, then make the seperate
# tests for the dimensions and call the correct Xdefault file.
if ($XSCREEN == '1024x768') then
if (-f ~/.Xdefaults_1024) then
xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults_1024 &
setenv XUSERFILESEARCHPATH "$HOME/%N:`/usr/bin/X11/appdefpath`:$HOME/.app-defaults_1024/%N"
# set XENVIRONMENT: this resource file is read by each
# application at startup.
setenv XENVIRONMENT $HOME/.indigo/.Xdefaults_1024
endif
endif
if ($XSCREEN == '1280x1024') then
if (-f ~/.Xdefaults_1280) then
xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults_1280 &
setenv XUSERFILESEARCHPATH "$HOME/%N:`/usr/bin/X11/appdefpath`:$HOME/.app-defaults_1280/%N"
# set XENVIRONMENT: this resource file is read by each
# application at startup.
setenv XENVIRONMENT $HOME/.indigo/.Xdefaults_1280
endif
endif
# If you display clients from remote machines back to your
# own console you can uncomment the next line.
#/usr/bin/X11/xhost +
# start the window manager
/usr/bin/X11/4Dwm&
/usr/bin/X11/wait4wm
# Test for screen dimensions then size the console window:
# Now go ahead and start up the xwsh's depending on the
# screen resolution of the machine we're currently on.
# See XWSH(1G) for X-world command line options. "xwsh -help"
# is a handy reminder of what options exist.
#
if ($XSCREEN == '1024x768') then
xclock -geom 90x90+0+0 -analog -fn 12x24 -bd grey23 &
xwsh -title `hostname` -geometry 80x40+287+20 -fn "*-lucidatypewriter-bold-*-*-*-*-8-100-100-*" -fg \
54 -bg 98 -selbg 165 -selfg 9 -cursorfg 3 &
setenv CONSOLE true
xwsh -title console -icontitle console -geometry 80x40+0-2 -fn "*-lucidatypewriter-bold-*-*-*-*-8-100-100-*" \
-fg 54 -bg 98 -selbg 165 -selfg 9 -cursorfg 3 &
endif
if ($XSCREEN == '1280x1024') then
xclock -geom 90x90+0+0 -analog -fn 12x24 -bd grey23 &
xwsh -title `hostname` -geometry 80x40+543+20 -fn "*-lucidatypewriter-bold-*-*-*-*-8-100-100-*" -fg \
54 -bg 0 -selbg 165 -selfg 9 -cursorfg 3 &
setenv CONSOLE true
xwsh -title console -icontitle console -geometry 80x40+0-2 -fn "*-lucidatypewriter-bold-*-*-*-*-8-100-100-*" \
-fg 54 -bg 0 -selbg 165 -selfg 9 -cursorfg 3 &
endif
# set some user preferences using the XSET(1) utility
xset fp+ /usr/lib/fmfonts -art 40 -ari 3 &
# make a granite-textured root-window background
#/usr/bin/X11/xsetroot -bitmap /usr/include/X11/bitmaps/granite -fg \#043 -bg black
# the magic last client. when this client exits, the session is terminated
/usr/bin/X11/reaper
The following framed examples show parts of the (standard
SGI) .Xdefaults file. Click here for explanation while your
look through the source codes.
! Define some customizations for xwsh
xwsh*background: #00466a
xwsh*foreground: grey80
xwsh*cursorTextColor: white
xwsh*cursorPageColor: red
xwsh*barPointerShape: spider
XWsh*clientDecoration: +minimize +maximize +menu +border
XWsh*autoFork: on
XWsh*selectionTextColor: white
XWsh*selectionPageColor: 163
XWsh*geometry: 80x24
XWsh*barWidth: 10
XWsh*font: -*-lucidatypewriter-medium-r-normal-*-14-140-*
XWsh*OverFirst: true
:
:
Also the ".Xdefaults" file is used to set Window Manager
resources:
! 4Dwm settings
! These resources apply to icon management
4Dwm*iconPlacement: top left
4DWm*iconDecoration: image
4Dwm*iconImageMaximum: 64x77
4Dwm*icon*fontList: -*-courier-bold-r-normal-*-12-*
4Dwm*iconPlacementMargin: 0
4Dwm*useIconBox: False
4Dwm*iconbox*clientDecoration: none
4DWm*clientAutoPlace: false
! define the icon tiling area with the following 4 boundary edges:
4DWm*SG_iconPlacementLeftMargin: 90
4DWm*SG_iconPlacementRightMargin: 280
4DWm*SG_iconPlacementBottomMargin: 678
4DWm*SG_iconPlacementTopMargin: 768
! Set the foreground color (which is the text) for the
! client window title bar that currently has the input focus.
4Dwm*activeForeground: gold
! Set the background color (the title bar itself which is
! "behind the text") for the client window title bar that
! currently has the input focus.
4Dwm*activeBackground: deepskyblue4
:
:
The followings show ".Xdefaults" use for setting the look
of various programs (clients). More information is given here.
! The following resources define what the 4Dwm frames will
! look like for specific clients.
! The values explicitly listed specify various elements of
! the window manager frame.
! Specifying a "+" means "add this element", while no other frame elements are drawn;
! "-" means "subract this element" but otherwise leave other elements untouched;
! "none" means paint no window manager frame at all.
4Dwm*xterm*clientDecoration: +resize +minimize
4Dwm*xeyes*clientDecoration: +title
4Dwm*xbiff*clientDecoration: +border
4Dwm*xclock*clientDecoration: none
4Dwm*Xman*clientDecoration: -menu -maximize
! make all apps not explicitly defined above have the
! following client decoration resources turned on.
*clientDecoration: +resizeh +border +minimize +maximize +menu
! paint ipaste images without any border (use Meta or rightShift-RightControl
! -RIGHTMOUSE to get 4Dwm menu).
*ipaste*clientDecoration: none
*xarchie*clientDecoration: none
*xfig*clientDecoration: none
*xfig.geometry: 1024x768+0+0
*xmailtool*clientDecoration: none
*xmailtool.geometry: 666x764-0+0
irit*Trans*BackGround: NavyBlue
irit*Trans*Geometry: =150x500+500+0
irit*Trans*CursorColor: Green
irit*View*BackGround: NavyBlue
irit*View*BorderColor: Red
irit*View*BorderWidth: 3
irit*View*Geometry: =500x500+0+0
irit*View*CursorColor: Red
! These define key, button and window menu specifications for 4Dwm.
! The values given to these resources must be defined in $HOME/.4Dwmrc
4Dwm*keyBindings: myKeyBindings
4Dwm*buttonBindings: myButtonBindings
4Dwm*windowMenu: 4DwmWindowMenu
As mentioned in the discussion of the ".xsession" file, it
is usual to separate the ".Xdefaults" resource specifications
into a number of different files representing display sizes. The
typical resources which change are geometry placement, and font
sizes but need not be limited to those.
The frame below indicates the format of the key, button and
menu binding file for the 4Dwm Window Manager on SGs. It is
typical of the Motif Window Manager. This is the main way of
tailoring your window environment - keys may be changed, keys may
be programmed to do various things in conjunction with mouse
button events. These Motif events "f.xxxx" are used to propagate
real events to the user and his/her environment. A similar
mechanism is used in other Window Managers - see the equivalent
file for the X11R5 distribution in a later frame.
The frame after the definitions shows the various menus
that are used by later key and button definitions. For example,
the "rootMenu" is shown when the right mouse button is clicked in
the root window. (This is not hardwired in - I could have chosen
the left mouse button or the middle mouse button when the Meta or
Alt key is pressed - it is completely user definable ( remember
though that there are certain historical conventions). )
As mentioned previously, this file contains a definition
for the window menu specified in the ".Xdefaults" file:
4Dwm*windowMenu: 4DwmWindowMenu
############################################################
#
# NAME
# $HOME/.4Dwmrc - sample file for customizing menus,
# key and button bindings for 4Dwm(1X).
#
# DESCRIPTION
#
# The .4Dwmrc file can be used to customize:
# 1) What happens when specific KEY and MOUSE BUTTONS
# are pressed when the pointer is over any part of the
# screen (e.g. the root window, a window's frame, an icon, etc.).
# 2) What items appear in the WINDOW MENU.
# 3) What items appear in the ROOT MENU--the pop-up
# menu that appears when you press a mouse button over
# any part of the root window.
#
# REFERENCES
#
# 1) 4Dwm(1X)
# 2) mwm(1X)
# 3) "OSF/Motif Programmer's Guide" (especially Part II,
# Motif Window Manager, Chapter 5, Managing Menus,
# Mouse Buttons, and Keyboard Bindings)
# 4) O'Reilly, Vol. 3, Part 4, Appendix C, the OSF/Motif
# Window Manager pp. 610-629, 3rd Edition, May 1990
#
################################################################
################################################################
#
# Menu Pane Description
#
# The following 5 menu definitions (starting 70 lines below)
# demonstrates various customizations one can specify for their own
# menu set.
#
# The syntax for this type of structure is as follows:
#
# menu menu_name
# {
# label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
# .
# .
# label [mnemonic] [accelerator] function
# }
#
# The entries above are defined as:
#
# label this string appears as a selectable menu item.
# If the string "no-label" is specifed here, 4Dwm
# will place a "separator" (horizontal bar) in the
# menu to separate other labels.
#
# mnemonic a character which, if pressed while the menu is
# active, will select the associated menu item.
#
# accelerator a key sequence which activates a window manager function
#
# function an action which the window manager can perform. The
# following functions are used in this file:
#
# f.exec causes the command following it to be executed
# (using the value of the MWMSHELL environment
# variable if it is set, otherwise the value of the
# SHELL environment variable if it is set, otherwise
# /bin/sh).
#
# f.kill ends execution of a client.
#
# f.lower pushes a client window to the bottom of the window stack.
#
# f.maximize causes a client window to be displayed with its
# maximum size (in most cases this means make the window
# fill the screen).
#
# f.menu associates a pull-right or roll-over menu with a menu
# pane entry, or a menu with a button or key binding.
# The menu_name function argument identifies the menu to be used.
#
# f.minimize causes a client window to be iconified or stowed.
#
# f.move causes a client window to be interactively moved.
#
# f.normalize causes a client window to be displayed with its normal
# (de-iconified or de-maximized) size.
#
# f.post_wmenu posts the window menu. If a key is used to post the
# window menu and a window menu button is present,
# the window menu is automatically placed with its
# top-left corner at the bottom-left corner of the
# window menu button for the client window. If no window
# menu button is present, the window menu is placed
# at the top-left corner of the client window.
#
# f.quit_apps ends execution of the current application.
#
# f.quit_mwm ends execution of the 4Dwm window manager (but NOT the X window system).
#
# f.raise pops a client window to the top of the window stack.
#
# f.restart causes 4Dwm to be restarted (effectively sending terminate
# and re-execute commands sequences to the X server).
#
# f.refresh causes all windows to be redrawn.
#
# f.resize causes a client window to be interactively resized.
#
# f.separator causes a menu separator to be drawn in the menu at
# the specified location (the label is ignored).
#
# f.title inserts a title in the menu at the specified location.
#
##############################################################
##############################################################
#
#
# The following are the menu definitions used for 4Dwm.
# These will supersede the definitions in /usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc.
# Menus that are defined in this file are not used by the
# window manager until they are explicitly specified as
# a target of an "f.exec" call. This may be done in a
# another menu definition, or a key or button binding definition.
# For example, the "rootMenu" definition below is referenced in
# our button binding definition farther below.
# In this way, any menu can be associated with any given context.
#
menu "rootMenu"
{
"root menu" f.title
"logout" f.exec "/usr/bin/X11/endsession"
no-label f.separator
"CNNews" f.exec "xwsh -name CNNews -geometry 80x40+152+102 -e /usr/local/bin/nn"
"backgrounds" f.menu backs
no-label f.separator
"refresh" f.refresh
"restart" f.restart
no-label f.separator
"kill 4Dwm" f.quit_mwm
}
menu backs
{
"Window Roots" f.title
"Default Root" f.exec "xsetroot -solid sgilightblue"
"lightblue Root" f.exec "xsetroot -solid sgibackgroundblue"
"Cross-weave Root" f.exec "xsetroot -def"
"Escher-Knot Root" f.exec "xsetroot -bitmap /usr/include/X11/bitmaps/escherknot -fg SGITeal -bg sgilightgray"
"Wingdogs Root" f.exec "xsetroot -bitmap /usr/include/X11/bitmaps/wingdogs -fg SGITeal -bg sgilightgray"
"Mensetmanuw Root" f.exec "xsetroot -bitmap /usr/include/X11/bitmaps/mensetmanus -fg SGITeal -bg sgilightgray"
"Tina Turner Root" f.exec "xsetroot -bitmap /usr/include/X11/bitmaps/woman -fg SGITeal -bg sgilightgray"
}
menu "clients"
{
"Console" f.exec "xwsh -title console -icontitle console -geometry 80x40+0-2 -fn
"snapshot" f.exec "snapshot -b"
"showmap" f.exec "showmap"
"makemap" f.exec "makemap"
"cedit" f.exec "cedit"
"snoop" f.exec "/usr/demos/bin/snoop"
"calendar" f.exec "/usr/sbin/ical &"
"camera alignment grid (grid)" f.exec "/usr/sbin/grid"
"color bars (colorbars)" f.exec "/usr/sbin/colorbars"
"gamma calibration field (gamcal)" f.exec "/usr/sbin/gamcal"
no-label f.separator
"xwsh" f.exec "/usr/sbin/xwsh &"
"xterm" f.exec "xterm -n `hostname` &"
no-label f.separator
"xmag" f.exec "xmag &"
"xclock" f.exec "xclock -analog -bg black -fg red -hd red -hl red&"
"xcalc" f.exec "xcalc &"
"xedit" f.exec "xedit &"
"xload" f.exec "xload -bg black -fg red &"
"xshowcmap" f.exec "xshowcmap &"
no-label f.separator
"display info (xdpyinfo)" f.exec "xwsh -geometry 80x24+110+427 -name 'X Query: Display Info' -hold -e /usr/bin/X11/xdpyinfo"
"window info (xwininfo)" f.exec "xwsh -geometry 80x24+110+427 -name 'X Query: Window Info' -hold -e info" /usr/bin/X11/xwininfo"
"properties (xprop)" f.exec "xwsh -geometry 80x24+110+427 -name 'X Query: Properties' -hold -e /usr/bin/X11/xprop"
"font names (xfontsel)" f.exec "/usr/bin/X11/xfontsel"
}
menu "hosts"
{
"xwsh: " f.exec "xwsh -name welcome -max 111x49 -geometry 80x40 -fn
}
###########################################################
#
# Default Window Menu Description which has been explicitly
# overriden/redefined here to include different text
# for the menu items. This is then specified as the value
# for the 4Dwm*windowMenu resource in the ~4Dgifts/.Xdefaults file.
#
menu 4DwmWindowMenu
{
"pop" f.raise
"push" f.lower
"move" f.move
"resize" f.resize
"stow" f.minimize
"open" f.normalize
no-label f.separator
"close" f.kill
"quit" f.quit_app
}
The following frame shows the button bindings of the SG
4Dwmrc file. The first entry -
<Btn1Click> frame f.raise
indicates that when a Btn1Click is detected and the cursor
is over the frame of a window then the f.raise event will be
invoked.
Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down> window f.raise_resize
indicates that when the Shift and Control keys are pressed
and Button number 1 is down and the cursor is inside a window
then the f.raise_resize event is invoked. And so on.
As mentioned previously, this file contains a definition
for the button bindings specified in the ".Xdefaults" file:
4Dwm*buttonBindings: myButtonBindings
################################################################
#
# Button Binding Description
#
# The syntax for this type of structure is as follows:
#
# buttons bindings_set_name
# {
# button context function
# :
# button context function
# }
#
# The syntax for the context specification is
#
# context = object[|context]
# object = root | icon | window | title | frame | border | app
#
# The context specification indicates where the mouse
# cursor must be for the button binding to be effective.
# For example, a context of `window' indicates that the
# pointer must be over a client window or window manager
# frame for the button binding to be effective. The
# `frame' context is for the window manager frame around a
# client window (including the border and titlebar), the
# `border' context is for the border part of the window
# manager frame (not including the titlebar), the `title'
# context is for the title area of the window manager
# frame, and the `app' context is for the application
# window (not including the window manager frame).
#
# If a function is specified in a type of resource where
# it is not supported or is invoked in a context that
# does not apply, the function is treated as f.nop (no
# operation is performed).
#
##############################################################
##############################################################
#
# The following button bindings override the 4DwmButtonBindings
# located in the /usr/lib/X11/system.4Dwmrc file.
# myButtonBindings is defined to be the current resource
# for button bindings in the $HOME/.Xdefaults file of the
# ~4Dgifts directory.
#
buttons myButtonBindings
{
<Btn1Click> frame f.raise
<Btn1Click> icon f.normalize
Ctrl<Btn1Down> frame|icon f.lower
Shift<Btn1Down> frame|icon f.raise
Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down> window f.raise_resize
<Btn2Down> frame|icon f.move
Ctrl<Btn2Down> frame|icon f.lower
Shift<Btn2Down> frame|icon f.raise
Shift Ctrl<Btn2Down> window f.raise_move
<Btn3Down> frame|icon f.post_wmenu
Ctrl<Btn3Down> frame|icon f.post_wmenu
Shift<Btn3Down> frame|icon f.post_wmenu
Meta<Btn3Down> window|icon f.post_wmenu
Shift Ctrl<Btn3Down> window f.post_wmenu
<Btn1Down> root f.menu clients
<Btn2Down> root f.menu hosts
<Btn3Down> root f.menu rootMenu
# Exercise extensive care when binding things to the meta key.
# This can be costly to emacs and other applications see below.
Meta<Btn1Down> frame f.raise_lower
Meta<Btn2Down> frame f.move
# Here is how to make an emacs user grumpy.
# Meta<Btn1Down> window f.raise_lower
# Meta<Btn2Down> window f.move
Meta<Btn1Down> window f.minimize
}
And the key bindings. The Meta key is normally the one
marked Alt on the keyboard. As mentioned previously, this file
contains a definition for the key bindings specified in the
".Xdefaults" file:
4Dwm*keyBindings: myKeyBindings
##############################################################
#
# Key Binding Description
#
# The following key bindings override the 4DwmKeyBindings
# located in the /usr/lib/X11/system.4Dwmrc file.
# myKeyBindings is defined to be the current resource for
# key bindings in the $HOME/.Xdefaults file of the ~4Dgifts
# directory.
#
# The key binding syntax is:
#
# keys bindings_set_name
# {
# key context function
# :
# key context function
# }
#
keys myKeyBindings
{
Meta<Key>w root f.refresh
Meta<Key>w icon|window f.refresh_win
Meta<Key>r window f.resize
Meta<Key>m window f.move
Meta<Key>a window f.raise_lower
Meta<Key>i root f.minimize_all
Meta<Key>i window f.minimize
Meta<Key>o root f.normalize_all
Meta<Key>b window f.maximize
Meta<Key>k window f.kill
# the following key definitions are ripped whole-hog out
# of /usr/lib/X11/system.4Dwmrc to maintain this functionality
# Same as the standard OSF Key Bindings
Shift<Key>Escape window|icon f.post_wmenu
Meta<Key>space window|icon f.post_wmenu
Meta<Key>Tab root|icon|window f.next_key
Meta Shift<Key>Tab root|icon|window f.prev_key
Meta<Key>Escape root|icon|window f.next_key
Meta Shift<Key>Escape root|icon|window f.prev_key
Meta Shift Ctrl<Key>exclam root|icon|window f.set_behavior
Meta<Key>F6 window f.next_key transient
Meta Shift<Key>F6 window f.prev_key transient
<Key>F4 icon f.post_wmenu
# <Key>Right window f.maximize
# <Key>Left window f.normalize
# <Key>Up window f.raise
# <Key>Down window f.lower
# SGI added key bindings
Shift<Key>Escape root f.menu 4DwmRootMenu
Meta<Key>space root f.menu 4DwmRootMenu
}
A similar file exists for twm - the X11R5 distributed
Window Manager - ".twmrc". The following frames show some of the
control structure for the file. Firstly the overall control:
## TWM control file
# Version: 2.52
# Date: 30/6/92
AutoRelativeResize # Don't require resize to cross border to start
BorderWidth 2 # Width of top level windows created by TWM
ClientBorderWidth # Use the application border width on frame
ConstrainedMoveTime 0 # turn off horizontal/vertical only moving
#DecorateTransients # Put titlebars on transients
DontMoveOff # Prevent windows leaving our screen
DontSqueezeTitle
NoCaseSensitive # Turn off case-sensitivity in icon sorting
NoGrabServer # Don't grab server during menus, etc.
NoRaiseOnMove # Allow moving under other windows
NoRaiseOnResize # Allow resizing under other windows
NoSaveUnders # Faster to just repaint than save
NoTitleFocus # Avoid keystrokes in wrong window due to lag
RestartPreviousState # Re-iconify iconified things on startup
UsePPosition "on" # Program-specified size hints accepted
Zoom 128
IconFont "lucidasanstypewriter-18"
IconManagerFont "lucidasanstypewriter-18"
MenuFont "lucidasanstypewriter-14"
ResizeFont "lucidasanstypewriter-18"
TitleFont "lucidasanstypewriter-16"
Then application specific control of events:
NoTitle
{
"xclock"
"xbiff"
"Xman"
}
WindowRing
{
"XTerm"
"Xarchie"
"ups"
}
AutoRaise
{
"XTerm"
"Xarchie"
"ups"
"xv"
}
Cursors
{
Button "top_left_arrow"
Destroy "pirate"
Icon "top_left_arrow"
IconMgr "top_left_arrow"
Frame "top_left_arrow"
Menu "top_left_arrow"
Move "top_left_arrow"
Resize "top_left_arrow"
Select "crosshair"
Title "top_left_arrow"
Wait "watch"
}
Monochrome
{
BorderColor "white"
DefaultBackground "black"
DefaultForeground "white"
MenuTitleBackground "black"
MenuTitleForeground "white"
MenuBackground "black"
MenuForeground "white"
MenuShadowColor "white"
IconBackground "black"
IconForeground "white"
IconBorderColor "white"
IconManagerBackground "black"
IconManagerForeground "white"
IconManagerHighlight "white"
}
Color
{
BorderColor "slategrey"
DefaultBackground "maroon"
DefaultForeground "gray85"
TitleBackground "maroon"
TitleForeground "gray85"
MenuBackground "maroon"
MenuForeground "gray85"
MenuTitleBackground "gray70"
MenuTitleForeground "maroon"
IconBackground "maroon"
IconForeground "gray85"
IconBorderColor "gray85"
IconManagerBackground "maroon"
IconManagerForeground "gray85"
}
#IconManagerGeometry "236x1-0+0"
IconRegion "240x240-0+0" NORTH WEST 80 80
IconRegion "120x160-0+240" NORTH EAST 80 80
UnknownIcon "xlogo32"
Icons
{
"XTerm" "terminal"
}
Now key and button binding with associated functions which
can be invoked. (For example
Button1 = m : window|icon : f.function "move-or-lower"
means when button 1 is clicked and the Meta key is also pressed
in a window or an icon then invoke function "move-or-lower"
defined previously).
#
# Define some useful functions for motion-based actions.
#
DefaultFunction f.nop
MoveDelta 3
Function "move-or-lower" { f.move f.deltastop f.lower }
Function "move-or-raise" { f.move f.deltastop f.raise }
Function "move-or-iconify" { f.move f.deltastop f.iconify }
#
# Set some useful bindings. Sort of uwm-ish, sort of simple-button-ish
#
Button1 = : root : f.menu "hosts"
Button2 = : root : f.menu "apps"
Button3 = : root : f.menu "defops"
Button1 = m : window|icon : f.function "move-or-lower"
Button2 = m : window|icon : f.iconify
Button3 = m : window|icon : f.function "move-or-raise"
Button1 = : title : f.function "move-or-raise"
Button2 = : title : f.raiselower
Button3 = : title : f.menu "windowmenu"
Button1 = : icon : f.function "move-or-iconify"
Button2 = : icon : f.iconify
Button3 = : icon : f.menu "iconmenu"
Button1 = : iconmgr : f.iconify
# SUN4 "Stop" key
"L1" = : icon | iconmgr | window : f.destroy
"L1" = s : icon | window : f.delete
"L1" = c : all : f.restart
"L1" = m : all : f.quit
"Help" = : all : f.identifY
And lastly the menus that can be invoked.
menu "iconmenu"
{
"Icon" f.title
"Open" f.iconify
"Raise/Lower" f.raiselower
"Refresh" f.winrefresh
"Quit" f.delete
"Kill program!" f.destroy
}
menu "sunhosts"
{
"SUN's" f.title
"abel" f.exec "xterm -title abel -e rlogin abel &"
"cain" f.exec "xterm -title cain -e rlogin cain &"
"" f.nop
:
"tutte" f.exec "xterm -title tutte -e rlogin tutte &"
}
menu "indigohosts"
{
"Indigo's" f.title
"lillee" f.exec "xterm -title lillee -e rlogin lillee &"
"marsh" f.exec "xterm -title marsh -e rlogin marsh &"
}
:
menu "hosts"
{
"Hosts" f.title
"SUN's" f.menu "sunhosts"
"Indigo's" f.menu "indigohosts"
"SG's" f.menu "sgihosts"
"DECstation's" f.menu "dechosts"
}
menu "windowmenu"
{
"Window" f.title
"Iconify" f.iconify
"Raise/Lower" f.raiselower
"Refresh" f.winrefresh
"Resize" f.resize
"Quit" f.delete
"Kill Window!" f.destroy
}
menu "Applications"
{
"Applications" f.title
"Calculator" f.exec "xcalc &"
"Calendar" f.exec "xcalendar &"
"Font list" f.exec "xfontsel &"
"Image viewer" f.exec "xv &"
"Mail reader" f.exec "xmail &"
"Manual pages" f.exec "xman &"
}
menu "winops"
{
"Windows" f.title
"Iconify" f.iconify
"Move" f.move
"Resize" f.resize
"Raise" f.raise
"Lower" f.lower
"Kill" f.destroy
"Delete" f.delete
}
menu "iconmgr"
{
"Icon Manager" f.title
"Show" f.showiconmgr
"Hide" f.hideiconmgr
}
menu "defops"
{
"Twm" f.title
"Windows" f.menu "winops"
"Icon Manager" f.menu "iconmgr"
"" f.nop
"Focus" f.focus
"Unfocus" f.unfocus
"" f.nop
"Refresh" f.refresh
"" f.nop
"Version" f.version
"Restart" f.restart
"Exit" f.quit
}
